Planificación pre-operatoria digital en artroplastia total de cadera / Digital templating in total hip arthroplasty

Introducción: La planificación preoperatoria favorece la realización de un acto quirúrgico sin complicaciones. Actualmente existe escasa información a nivel nacional sobre la eficacia de la planificación pre-operatoria digital por lo que el objetivo del presente estudio es el analizar los resultados de la implementación de esta estrategia en una población de pacientes con indicación de artroplastia total de cadera. Materiales y métodos: Estudio observacional, prospectivo, analítico. Se realizó un muestreo no probabilístico de casos consecutivos atendidos en la Cátedra de Ortopedia y Traumatología de la Facultad de Ciencias Médicas (U.N.A). Fueron captados pacientes >18 años con indicación de ATC, entre diciembre 2018 ­ octubre 2019, previo consentimiento informado. Se relevaron datos cuya caracterización fue posible mediante un instrumento establecido previamente, ingresado en base Excel. Se utilizó el software TraumaCad® versión 2.5 de Brainlab y marcadores radiológicos King Mark®. Fueron comparados ambos tipos de planificación ejecutando análisis estadísticos con el software R.v3.4.2., siendo un valor p ˂0.05, considerado estadísticamente significativa. Resultados: 57 pacientes fueron evaluados con el método digital y los resultados fueron comparados con los de 42 pacientes en los que se utilizó una planificación manual. La relación masculino-femenino fue 1/1, siendo los del grupo de 50 a 60 años, los más afectados. La coxartrosis primaria y la necrosis ósea aséptica fueron los diagnósticos más frecuentes. El tiempo quirúrgico, la correlación entre planificación y resultados para componentes acetabular, femoral, presentaron mejores resultados en el grupo de pacientes con planificación digital. Conclusión: La planificación digital comparada con la manual presentó mayor eficacia.

Introduction: Preoperative planning allows a surgical act without complications. It can be manual or digital. Its usefulness in total hip arthroplasty (ATC) is important, being digital seemingly more beneficial since it reduces surgical time and complications. The present study analyzed the effectiveness of the digital modality. Materials and methods: Observational, prospective, analytical study. Non-probabilistic sampling of consecutive cases attended in Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology of the Medicine Scholl (Universidad Nacional de Asunción). Patients> 18 years of age were indicated with ATC indication, between december 2018 to october 2019, with prior informed consent. Data whose characterization was made possible by means of a previously established instrument, entered in Excel basis, were released. Each patient had both types of planning: manual and digital. For TraumaCad® version 2.5 Brainlab software and King Mark® radiological markers were used for the digital. Both types of planning were compared by executing statistical analyzes with the software R.v3.4.2., being a value p <0.05, considered statistically significant. Results: 57 patients were evaluated with the digital method and 42 with the manual. The male-female ratio was 1/1, with those in the 50-60 age group being the most affected. The most frequent reason for consultation was hip pain, with primary coxarthrosis and aseptic bone necrosis being their cause. The consultation time 1 and surgery was 12.5 days. The surgical time, the correlation between planning and results for acetabular, femoral components, were more effective with digital planning. Conclusion: Digital planning compared to the manual is more effective.

Variabilidade climática e internações por doenças diarreicas infecciosas em um município da Amazônia Ocidental brasileira / Climate variability and hospitalizations due to infectious diarrheal diseases in a municipality of the Western Brazilian Amazon Region

Resumo A morbimortalidade por doenças diarreicas infecciosas ainda representa um grave problema de saúde no Brasil e está altamente relacionada a fatores como condições climáticas, ambientais e de vida da população. O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar a associação das taxas de internações por doenças diarreicas infecciosas na população do município de Rio Branco/AC com a precipitação, o nível do rio, a umidade e a temperatura, entre os anos de 2000 e 2013. Os dados foram extraídos do Sistema de Informações Hospitalares do SUS, do Instituto Nacional de Meteorologia e da Agência Nacional das Águas. Foram ajustados modelos múltiplos de regressão de Poisson e binomial negativa. Os resultados mostram que existe uma associação positiva entre as internações por doenças diarreicas infecciosas e o nível do Rio Acre (RT:1,07; IC95%:1,04 a 1,1); houve um decréscimo de 14% nestas taxas de internações entre os anos de 2000 e 2013 (RT:0,86; IC95%:0,85 a 0,87); o grupo mais vulnerável pertence à faixa etária de menores de 1 ano de vida. Este estudo mostrou a vulnerabilidade de uma cidade na Amazônia quanto à variabilidade climática e a respectiva influência epidemiológica na incidência de internações por doenças diarreicas infecciosas.

Abstract Morbimortality due to infectious diarrheal diseases still is a serious health issue in Brazil and is highly related to factors such as weather, environment, and people's life conditions. This study aimed to analyze the relationship between hospitalization rates due to infectious diarrheal diseases among the population of the municipality of Rio Branco (AC), Brazil and precipitation, river level, humidity and temperature between 2000 and 2013. Data were retrieved from the Hospital Information System of the SUS (Unified Health System), the National Institute of Meteorology and the National Water Agency. Multiple Poisson and negative binomial regression models were adjusted. Results showed that there is a positive association between hospitalization due to infectious diarrheal diseases and the level of the Acre river (RR: 1.07; CI 95%: 1.04 to 1.1); these hospitalization rates fell 14% between 2000 and 2013 (RR: 0.86; CI 95%: 0.85 to 0.87). The most vulnerable group was the age group of less than 1 year of age. This study showed the vulnerability of an Amazonian city to climate variability and its respective epidemiological influence on the incidence of hospitalizations due to infectious diarrheal diseases.

Review of the family Rivulidae (Cyprinodontiformes, Aplocheiloidei) and a molecular and morphological phylogeny of the annual fish genus Austrolebias Costa 1998

The family Rivulidae is the fourth most diverse clade of Neotropical fishes. Together with some genera of the related African family Nothobranchiidae, many rivulids exhibit a characteristic annual life cycle, with diapausing eggs and delayed embryonic development, which allows them to survive in the challenging seasonal ponds that they inhabit. Rivulidae also includes two species known as the only the self-fertilizing vertebrates and some species with internal fertilization. The first goal of this article is to review the systematics of the family considering phylogenetic relationships and synapomorphies of subfamilial clades, thus unifying information that is dispersed throughout the literature. From this revision, it is clear that phylogenetic relationships within Rivulidae are poorly resolved, especially in one of the large clades that compose it, the subfamily Rivulinae, where conflicting hypotheses of relationships of non-annual and annual genera are evident. The second goal of this work is to present an updated phylogenetic hypothesis (based on mitochondrial, nuclear, and morphological information) for one of the most speciose genus of Rivulidae, Austrolebias. Our results confirm the monophyly of the genus and of some subgeneric clades already diagnosed, but propose new relationships among them and their species composition, particularly in the subgenus Acrolebias.

a familia Rivulidae es el cuarto clado más diverso dentro de los peces Neotropicales. Junto con algunos géneros de la familia Nothobranchiidae, muchos rivulidos presentan un característico ciclo de vida anual, con huevos resistentes a la desecación y embriones con diapausas que les permiten sobrevivir en los ambientes estacionales donde habitan. Los Rivulidae presentan también dos especies consideradas como los únicos vertebrados hermafroditas suficientes y algunas especies con inseminación interna. El primer objetivo de este artículo es actualizar la sistemática de la familia considerando las relaciones filogenéticas y las sinapomorfías de los clados que la componen, reuniendo información que se encuentra dispersa en la literatura. De esta revisión surge que las relaciones filogenéticas dentro de Rivulidae están todavía sin resolver, especialmente en uno de los grandes clados que la componen, la subfamilia Rivulinae, donde relaciones conflictivas entre géneros anuales y no anuales son evidentes. El segundo objetivo de este trabajo es presentar una hipótesis filogenética, basada en datos morfológicos, mitocondriales y nucleares, de uno de los géneros más diversos de la familia, el género Austrolebias. Nuestros resultados confirman la monofilia del género y de algunos clados subgenéricos previamente definidos, y propone nuevas relaciones entre ellos, particularmente de las especies del subgénero Acrolebias(AU)

Contaminación atmosférica y deposición húmeda en la Amazonia brasileña / Air pollution and wet deposition in Brazilian Amazon

Objetivo: determinar la influencia de contaminantes atmosféricos sobre el agua de lluvia. Métodos: utilización de la deposición húmeda en un estudio de largo plazo, realizado en el Estado de Acre, Amazonia Occidental, 2005-2010. Se monitorearon 185 eventos de lluvia, se determinó en ellos el pH, la conductividad eléctrica y la concentración de carbono orgánico total. Se monitoreó la carga de aerosoles atmosféricos mediante fotometría solar y las condiciones meteorológicas a través de mediciones del vapor de agua, temperatura, vientos y lluvias en su comportamiento estacional. Resultados: la concentración de contaminantes según la profundidad óptica de aerosoles varió desde valores muy altos, entre 3 y 4 durante la seca, hasta valores muy bajos, aproximadamente de 0,08, durante la estación lluviosa. El 25 % de las lluvias fue ácida con pH entre 3 y 4,7 y un promedio de 5,4. Los valores de conductividad eléctrica generalmente fueron inferiores a 10 µS cm-1. El carbono orgánico total alcanzó valores relativamente altos, entre 20 y 30 mg L-1. Conclusiones: durante la seca los incendios forestales responden por la alta contaminación de la atmósfera, que queda limpia durante la estación lluviosa por efecto de la deposición húmeda. Durante la seca la carga de aerosoles atmosféricos aumenta en más de 40 veces, en comparación con el estado de la atmósfera en la estación lluviosa. Son necesarias medidas más eficientes de control de la degradación ambiental en la Amazonia y de monitoreo sistemático de la contaminación de su atmósfera, en beneficio de la salud humana y de otras formas de vida.

Objective: to determine the influence of air pollutants on the rainwater. Methods: use of wet deposition in a long-term study conducted in the state of Acre, in Western Amazon, from 2005 to 2010. One hundred and eightyfive rainy events were monitored to determine the pH value, the electrical conductivity and the concentration of total organic carbon. The atmospheric aerosol load was measured by solar photometry whereas the water vapors, temperature, winds and rains were monitored to observe weather conditions. Results: the pollutant concentration, depending on the aerosol optical depth, varied from very high values of 3 and 4 during the dry season, to very low values of about 0.08 during the rainy season. Twenty five percent of rainfalls were acidic with pH ranging 3 to 4.7, being 5.4 the average value. The electrical conductivity values were generally lower than 10 µS cm-1. The total organic carbon reached relatively high values of 20 to 30 mg L-1. Conclusions: in the dry season, the forest fires are responsible for high degree of air pollution, but the situation changes in the rainy season when the environment is clean because of the wet deposition. During the dry season, the air aerosol load increases 40 times if compared to the environmental conditions in the dry season. Therefore, more efficient control measures are needed to stop environmental degradation in the Amazon as well as a systematic monitoring of the air pollution for the benefit of human health and other forms of life.

A new species of Austrolebias Costa (Cyprinodontiformes: Rivulidae) from northeastern Uruguay, with comments on distribution patterns

A new species of Austrolebias is described based on individuals from the middle and upper río Negro (río Uruguay basin) and río Yaguarón (Patos-Merín system). The new species can be differentiated from all other species of the genus by the unique presence in males of uniform bluish gray pigmentation on flanks (without vertical bands) and unpaired fins. The new species is also distinguished by the combination of characters associated with a reduction of the squamation of the abdominal, preopercular, and opercular regions. The new species presents some morphological characteristics similar to A. gymnoventris and A. luteoflammulatus. The distribution of the new species is concordant with three other species of Austrolebias and may represent a case of drainage rearrangement of the río Negro upstream tributaries (río Uruguay basin) and tributaries of laguna Merín system.

Uma espécie nova de Austrolebias é descrita, com base em indivíduos do alto e médio rio Negro (bacia do rio Uruguai) e rio Jaguarão (sistema Patos-Mirim). A espécie nova pode ser distinguida de todas as demais do gênero pela presença única em machos de pigmentação uniforme cinza azulado nos flancos sem listras verticais, e a pigmentação uniforme das nadadeiras ímpares. Também pode ser reconhecida pela combinação de caracteres associados à redução do padrão de escamas na região abdominal, pré-opérculo e opérculo. A espécie nova apresenta várias características semelhantes a A. gymnoventris e a A. luteoflammulatus. A distribução da espécie nova é concordante com outras três espécies de Austrolebias, representando um caso potencial de captura da bacia dos afluentes superiores do rio Negro (bacia do rio Uruguai) aos afluentes da lagoa Mirim.

Poluição atmosférica devida à queima de biomassa florestal e atendimentos de emergência por doença respiratória em Rio Branco, Brasil - Setembro, 2005 / Anthropogenic air pollution and respiratory disease-related emergency room visits in Rio Branco, Brazil - September, 2005

A poluição atmosférica é um importante problema de saúde pública, principalmente na Amazônia e grandes cidades brasileiras. Em setembro de 2005, observou-se elevada concentração de fumaça em Rio Branco, Acre, devido às queimadas. Para avaliar a relação entre a concentração diária de particulate matter < 2,5 µm (PM2,5) e o número de atendimentos diários de emergência por doença respiratória (DR), desenvolveu-se estudo ecológico. A concentração de PM2,5 ultrapassou o limite de qualidade do ar durante 23 dias. Observou-se maior incidência de DR em crianças < 10 anos e correlação positiva entre a concentração de PM2,5 e atendimentos por asma.

Air pollution is a major public health problem in the Amazon forest and in large Brazilian cities. During September of 2005, high concentrations of smoke from biomass burning were observed in the city of Rio Branco. An ecological study was conducted to evaluate the relationship between daily concentrations of particulate matter < 2.5 µm (PM2.5) and the number of respiratory disease (RD)-related emergency room visits. Daily PM2.5 concentrations exceeded recommended air quality limits on 23 days. The incidence of RDs was higher among children < 10 years of age. There was a significant positive correlation between PM2.5 concentrations and asthma emergency room visits.

Influencia de la polución del aire sobre la salud en Rio Branco-AC, Brasil / Influence of air pollution on health in Rio Branco-AC, Brazil

La población de Acre, en su parte este y norte, sufre el efecto derivado de las altas concentraciones de humo en el aire debido a las quemadas de la biomasa forestal. Esta polución viola las normas establecidas sobre calidad del aire. De junio a septiembre de cada año, durante la estación de seca, el humo ocasiona enfermedades y malestares en la población. Para estudiar este efecto se realizaron mediciones de la calidad del aire mediante tres métodos independientes: nefelometría, aetalometría y radiometría solar; y observaciones de su impacto sobre la salud, a partir de la aplicación de una encuesta a una muestra aleatoria de cincuenta individuos, moradores de áreas periféricas de la ciudad de Rio Branco. Se encontró que prácticamente el 100 por ciento de los habitantes pobres padecen de enfermedades respiratorias y oculares como consecuencia de la polución del aire, ocasionada por las quemadas forestales en la Amazonia, particularmente durante la seca de 2005.

The Acre population living in the East and the North suffers the effect of high smoke concentrations in the air due to forest biomass burning. This pollution is against the set standards on the air quality. Every year, during the dry season from June to September, smoke causes diseases and discomfort that are affecting the population. With the objective of studying this impact, the air quality was measured by means of three independent methods, namely, nephelometry, aethalometer and solar radiometry; and also observations on the impact of the air quality on health based on the administration of a survey to a random sample of 50 people, who lived in the surrounding areas of Rio Branco city. The general objective was to find out how high smoke concentrations affected that population's health; particularly in the dry season in 2005. As a consequence, practically 100 percent of poor inhabitants suffered from refractory and occular diseases caused by air pollution resulting from forest biomass burnings in the Amazons region.